Abstract
This article describes the numerical investigation of blood rheology within an artery that includes two narrowing areas via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Elliptic blending Reynolds stress model and two models of viscosity have been used in this investigation utilizing STAR-CCM+ 2021.2.1. The test model includes two elliptical stenosis with a 2mm distance between them, and the area of stenosis is 75%. Results of normalized axial velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and turbulent viscosity ratio (TVR) were evaluated before, through and after the stenosis in order to predict and avoid the real problems that occur from changing the area of the artery. Furthermore, Fractional flow reserve (FFR) was employed to assess the level of risk of stenosis through the artery, which depends on pressure measurements. Corresponding to the author's observation, it was found that the recirculation regions in the area between the stenosis are larger than the area after the stenosis. Moreover, the results of TKE and TVR are almost identical through and downstream of the stenosis, whereas the TKE is slightly higher with the Carreau model than with the Newtonian flow at the upstream and through the first stenosis.
Highlights
The development of fatty material called plaque causes arterial disease, which is a narrowing or blockage of the arteries
Cholesterol and other lipids precipitate behind the intima of the artery's wall, causing stenosis, which reduces the artery's cross-sectional area and causes blood flow to turn from laminar to turbulent
The authors assumed the flow as laminar and utilized different models of viscosity and examined the streamwise velocity, wall shear stress, pressure, vorticity, and vector through the model, concluding that there was a lower risk of thrombogenesis behind the stenosis and inadequate blood supply to the body in the Newtonian flow compared to the non-Newtonian model
Summary
The development of fatty material called plaque causes arterial disease, which is a narrowing or blockage of the arteries. The authors assumed the flow as laminar and utilized different models of viscosity and examined the streamwise velocity, wall shear stress, pressure, vorticity, and vector through the model, concluding that there was a lower risk of thrombogenesis behind the stenosis and inadequate blood supply to the body in the Newtonian flow compared to the non-Newtonian model. The important aim of this work is to offer guidance to the community, especially surgeons, on how to get benefit from the investigation of various models of viscosity and turbulence with comparing this to the Newtonian flow at high Reynolds number Examining these effects utilizing normalized axial velocity, vector, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent viscosity ratio, to determine the amount of risk associated with the existence of two stenosis or narrowing through the artery
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