Abstract
This study introduces the translation adjustment model of Seiford and Zhu (2002) into dynamic DEA models to measure and analyze the dynamic energy efficiency of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies from 2010 to 2014. The APEC economies are divided into annual energy and overall energy efficiency ratings, and improvement directions are proposed for the different variables. With the proposal of magnitude, this study discusses the changes in intertemporal conversion variables and proposes suggestions for improvement. Finally, this study analyzes the implications of energy investment and the efficiency policies of APEC economies. The results show that economies with the lowest overall energy efficiency ratings have great potential for improvement. Reducing capital stock, labor, fossil fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions while increasing GDP can increase energy efficiency ratings. However, economies do not want to reduce the state’s capital stock, and labor and population birth adjustments are difficult. Energy efficiency can only start by adjusting the consumption of fossil fuels, CO2 emissions, and GDP. The results indicate that to improve energy efficiency and reduce fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, economies are expected to increase their GDP unless they enact cuts through policy and technical approaches, appropriately adjust their energy policies, and actively develop new energy technologies to effectively reduce CO2 emissions and achieve optimal energy efficiency.
Highlights
IntroductionInternational attention on the effects of excessive energy consumption began with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), as adopted by the United Nations Headquarters in 1992. (The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: the purpose is to stabilize the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in order to adapt the climate system to climate changes without any human interference and to take food production and economic development into account.)it continued to the Kyoto Protocol (Kyoto Protocol: the creation of detailed regulations and legally enforceable reduction targets, including how to mitigate and combat climate change, and promotion of the “Kyoto Protocol” to become international law are the first steps to reverse global climate change), which represents the supplementary terms of the UNFCCC and was passed in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, and to the Paris Agreement
Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF) explicitly indicated that the main cause of global climate change is global temperature warming, which comes from the excessive emissions of carbon dioxide, and such massive greenhouse gas emissions arising from fossil fuel cause an increase in the average global temperature, melt the ice caps, and cause extreme weather, drought, and rising sea levels
Our study aims to respond to the results estimated by Seiford and Zhu [39], which use CO2 emissions as undesirable output and view real gross domestic product (GDP) as a carry-over variable in dynamic DEA models (Tone and Tsutsui [53])
Summary
International attention on the effects of excessive energy consumption began with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), as adopted by the United Nations Headquarters in 1992. (The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: the purpose is to stabilize the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in order to adapt the climate system to climate changes without any human interference and to take food production and economic development into account.)it continued to the Kyoto Protocol (Kyoto Protocol: the creation of detailed regulations and legally enforceable reduction targets, including how to mitigate and combat climate change, and promotion of the “Kyoto Protocol” to become international law are the first steps to reverse global climate change), which represents the supplementary terms of the UNFCCC and was passed in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, and to the Paris Agreement China and India and requires developed countries to provide climate change funds to help developing countries reduce their carbon dioxide emissions and to be capable of facing the consequences resulting from global climate change. It makes all countries set their own emission reduction targets over a five-year cycle), which was passed at the United. If climate change cannot be dealt with efficiently, hundreds of millions of people may die by 2030, and the annual global gross domestic product will decrease.) ways to save energy, improve energy efficiency, develop green energy, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions have long been important issues of international concern
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