Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of a Portable, Motorized, and Remotely Controlled Slit Lamp Imaging Adaptor Prototype for Head-Mounted Displays.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to validate the performance of a portable and remotely controlled slit lamp imaging adaptor. Twenty patients with anterior eye segment conditions participated in a randomized masked clinical trial. Imaging was performed using a Haag-Streit AG, BX 900 slit lamp biomicroscope and a new slit lamp prototype. Three ophthalmologists independently reviewed masked and randomized 2D images from both instruments and conducted physical eye examinations based on these images. Inter- and intra-grader reliability were assessed using kappa statistics, and sensitivity and specificity were determined with reference to the clinical eye examinations performed during the patients' visits. The sensitivity and specificity of the evaluations with the prototype were 47.8% and 64.1%. Similarly, the evaluations from the conventional system obtained a sensitivity and specificity of 49.5% and 66.2%. The differences in the sensitivity and specificity between imaging modalities were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The intra-grader reliability showed moderate to substantial agreement between the systems (κ = 0.522-0.708). The inter-grader reliability also indicated moderate agreement for the evaluations with the conventional system (κ = 0.552) and the prototype (κ = 0.474). This study presents a new prototype that exhibits diagnostic accuracy on par with conventional slit lamps and moderate reliability. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to characterize the prototype's performance. However, its remote functionality and accessibility suggest the potential to extend eye care. The development of portable and remotely controlled eye imaging systems will enhance teleophthalmology services and broaden access to eye care at the primary care level.