Abstract
The management of natural disasters requires understanding their essence, making accurate assessments, planning, and providing appropriate solutions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical resilience of the 22 neighborhoods of Babol located in the north of Iran against earthquakes. The methodology of this applied research study is descriptive-analytical. In this regard, by initially studying similar national and international studies, using the expert opinion of seismology and urban planning specialists and interviewing experienced urban managers in the field of crisis management, 30 effective indices on physical resilience against earthquake risk were extracted. Then, using analytic functions of GIS software and multi-criteria models including AHP, TOPSIS, VIKOR and COPRAS, the physical resilience of Babol against earthquakes was evaluated. Then, in order to obtain accurate results, using the integration models including the Statistic, BORDA and COPELAND, the physical resilience of Babol's 22 neighborhoods was evaluated. The analysis of the final GIS maps shows that neighborhoods 2, 3, 4, 5, and 11 have very high physical resilience and neighborhoods 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 have very low physical resilience against earthquakes.
Highlights
Cities are integrated and interdependent systems that are vulnerable to threats caused by natural and human disasters
The results show that a high percentage of existing buildings in Sanandaj face vulnerability to earthquakes. (Rezaei et al, 2015) in a study entitled Measurement and Evaluation of the Physical Resilience of Urban Community against Earthquake (Case Study: Tehran's Neighborhoods),by identifying the factors and indices affecting the level of resilience, they evaluated the physical resilience of Tehran's neighborhoods by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), paired comparison and prioritization
The results show that about 30% of Ahar's urban built-up areas have moderate to high vulnerability to earthquake and do not provide a proper physical structure for earthquake crisis management. (Shokri, 2017) in a study entitling surveyed the resilience of Babol districts against environmental hazards through questionnaires in 4 dimensions, 16 indices and 31 sub-indices and through VIKOR multivariate decisionmaking model concluded that there is a difference among 12 districts of Babol and about 50% of the districts in Babol have no and low resilience and only 25% of the districts are fully resilient in terms of indicators
Summary
Cities are integrated and interdependent systems that are vulnerable to threats caused by natural and human disasters. The attitude towards resilience and its analysis plays a key role in understanding resilience and its causes on the one hand and affects its risk reduction policies and practices and how to deal with them This approach is aimed at reducing the vulnerability of cities and enhancing citizens' ability to cope with the dangers of threats such as natural disasters (Mitchell and Harris , 2012). The effects of these incidents include loss of life, damage, property damage and disruption of infrastructure, as well as social, economic and environmental damage (Hemingway and Gunawan , 2018 ) This issue becomes more important when it comes to knowing that in recent years the crises have caused losses of approximately $600 billion to countries, and about 750,000 fatalities (Birkman , 2006). Considering the fact that Iran is located in the Alps-Himalayas earthquake belt, it is considered as one of the young and orogenic parts of the world and is one of the earthquake-prone countries (Ahmadiyani et al , 2010)
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