Abstract
We employed a mesoscale experimental system and enriched natural plankton communities to investigate the efficacy of a type of ballast-water management system (BWMS) that uses a combination of filtration and electro-catalysis as the treatment technology. The water samples were collected immediately after treatment and at discharge to measure the biological efficiency of this BWMS. The main hydro chemical parameters, the TRO concentration and the plankton species composition before and after the ballast treatment process, were measured. After treatment, the concentration of TRO remained at a high level of 1.690 ± 0.573 (SD) mg/L. The biological efficacy of ballast water after treatment at holding times of 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, and 50 min were measured. Holding time significantly impacted the biological efficacy. The discharged, treated water satisfied the D-2 standard of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) after 50 minutes of holding time.
Highlights
Ships that carry little cargo exhibit instability and vulnerability under conditions of strong winds and high waves
In the experiment exploring necessary holding time, neutralizer was added to the sampling container after disinfection
In the experiment evaluating the effectiveness of ballast-water treatment, the concentration of total residual oxidant’ (TRO) decreased from 1.690 + 0.573 SD (T0-AN) to 0.437 + 0.005 (T120-AN) (Figure 3)
Summary
Ships that carry little cargo exhibit instability and vulnerability under conditions of strong winds and high waves. The solution to this problem has involved taking onboard large quantities of ballast water in watertight compartments in order to lower the ships’ waterlines. Ships often take on ballast water at the beginning of the voyage, and they discharge it at the end of the voyage to load more cargo. Ship load and unload ballast water for various other reasons, such as adjusting the ship’s trim and increasing propulsion efficiency (Yonsel et al 2014). Ballast-waters have potentially hazardous consequences at the destination ports. A variety of aquatic organisms can be spread through the discharge of untreated ballast water, including bacteria and viruses; microalgae; protists; eggs, larvae, and small invertebrates; and the spores, seeds, and cysts of plants (Yonsel et al 2014)
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