Abstract

Nile tilapia is a freshwater fish that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. During its development, tilapia aquaculture has constraints such as low growth rates. Therefore, it is necessary to add a feed additive to the feed in the form of charcoal. Charcoal is an adsorbent that has high absorption so that the addition of charcoal in the feed can increase the absorption of nutrients of tilapia. A 45-days trial was conducted to determine the percentage of addition of triggerfish bone charcoal (Abalistes stellaris) as a feed supplement that affect the growth performance and intestines of tilapia. The research design was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 2 replications as treatments including: treatment A (control), B (addition of 1%charcoal), C (addition of 2% charcoal) and D (addition of 3% charcoal). A total of 240 tilapia fingerlings (5-7 cm) were used and placed in 8 aquariums then filled with 72 liters of water. Providing adlibitum (unlimited) feed with a frequency of 2 times a day. The ANOVA test showed that the addition of triggerfish bone charcoal (A. stellaris) in the feed was not significantly different (P 0.05) in weight growth, absolute length and daily length growth but it was significantly different (P 0.05) in feed conversion ratio and the efficiency of feed utilization. Based on result, it was concluded that the addition of 3% charcoal was the best treatment which gave the lengthiest of villi which was increasing the length of the intestinal villi to 71.11 µm from the initial length of 162.22 µm. easel at 233.33 μm, showed the highest feed conversion ratio value and feed efficiency (1.12 %, 89.6%).Keywords:CharcoalFish boneIntestinal histologyStarry triggerfish

Highlights

  • Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the freshwater commodities that is in great demand by various groups of local and international communities (Yanti and Muchlisin, 2013; Fadri et al, 2016)

  • The purpose of this research is to study the effect of giving charcoal on the intestinal villi, the growth of tilapia and to determine the best concentration of adding charcoal in feed

  • The surface area of charcoal greatly affects the absorption rate; it will increase along with the loss of impurities that clog the pores of charcoal, through high temperatures heating

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Summary

Introduction

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the freshwater commodities that is in great demand by various groups of local and international communities (Yanti and Muchlisin, 2013; Fadri et al, 2016). One of the problems in fish farming today is feed (KKP, 2013). Feed is the most important component and determines the success of fish farming and the availability of feed is a major factor in achieving maximum production. The feed consumed by fish are digested into simple molecules that can be absorbed by the body. Not all of the feed given can be digested and absorbed properly by the body of the fish; it can affect growth and feed conversion. Efforts should be made to optimize the utilization of feed nutrients to improve the quality of feed; thereby, increasing the rate of growth and cultivation time becomes faster. One method to improve feed quality is the addition of supplements to the feed.

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