Abstract
Community forests are known to play an important role in preserving forests in Cambodia, a country that has seen rapid deforestation in recent decades. The detailed evaluation of the ability of community‐protected forests to retain forest cover and prevent degradation in Cambodia will help to guide future conservation management. In this study, a combination of remotely sensing data was used to compare the temporal variation in forest structure for six different community forests located in the Phnom Kulen National Park (PKNP) in Cambodia and to assess how these dynamics vary between community‐protected forests and a wider study area. Medium‐resolution Landsat, ALOS PALSAR data, and high‐resolution LiDAR data were used to study the spatial distribution of forest degradation patterns and their impacts on above‐ground biomass (AGB) changes. Analysis of the remotely sensing data acquired at different spatial resolutions revealed that between 2012 and 2015, the community forests had higher forest cover persistence and lower rates of forest cover loss compared to the entire study area. Furthermore, they faced lower encroachment from cashew plantations compared to the wider landscape. Four of the six community forests showed a recovery in canopy gap fractions and subsequently, an increase in the AGB stock. The levels of degradation decreased in forests that had an increase in AGB values. However, all community forests experienced an increase in understory damage as a result of selective tree removal, and the community forests with the sharpest increase in understory damage experienced AGB losses. This is the first time multitemporal high‐resolution LiDAR data have been used to analyze the impact of human‐induced forest degradation on forest structure and AGB. The findings of this work indicate that while community‐protected forests can improve conservation outcomes to some extent, more interventions are needed to curb the illegal selective logging of valuable timber trees.
Highlights
Protected areas (PAs) are widely regarded as an important bulwark against deforestation and biodiversity loss (Klein et al, 2015)
Our research backs up these findings; even though the community forests have retained >70% forest cover and see an increase in Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Community-protected areas (CPAs) continue to suffer from small levels of degradation which is reflected in the increase in canopy gap fraction and decline in above-ground biomass (AGB) stocks
An examination of Landsat-derived forest cover revealed that the community forests had higher forest cover persistence and lower rates of forest cover loss compared to the overall study area
Summary
Protected areas (PAs) are widely regarded as an important bulwark against deforestation and biodiversity loss (Klein et al, 2015). RS data can play a vital role in monitoring the efficacy of conservation management schemes and PAs. Landsat data have been extensively used for examining the ability of protected areas to retain forest cover at both local and global scales (Allnutt et al, 2013; Heino et al, 2015). While ALOS-PALSAR and airborne LiDAR data have not been extensively used for mapping and monitoring the efficacy of protected areas and conservation management schemes, we hypothesize that use of these different RS data can help to monitor different aspects of tropical forest cover change dynamics (their impacts on forest structure dynamics such as AGB) and improve our understanding of the ability of community-protected forests to retain forest cover and prevent degradation in Cambodia. Quantifying the ability of community forests to facilitate forest regeneration and curb selective logging can help to inform conservation management strategies
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