Evaluating tautological classes using only Hurwitz numbers

Abstract

Hurwitz numbers count ramified covers of a Riemann surface with prescribed monodromy. As such, they are purely combinatorial objects. Tautological classes, on the other hand, are distinguished classes in the intersection ring of the moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces of a given genus, and are thus geometric. Localization computations in Gromov-Witten theory provide non-obvious relations between the two. This paper makes one such computation, and shows how it leads to a master relation (Theorem 0.1) that reduces the ratios of certain interesting tautological classes to the pure combinatorics of Hurwitz numbers. As a corollary, we obtain a purely combinatorial proof of a theorem of Bryan and Pandharipande, expressing in generating function form classical computations by Faber/Looijenga (Theorem 0.2).