Abstract
In view of the increasing demand for forest resources in Europe, it is an option to foster the use of non-native tree species that can keep pace with the rapidly changing environmental conditions, such as Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Thus, sufficient knowledge of how to manage such introduced species is highly required. In this study, we investigate theoretical silvicultural management options of Douglas-fir for forests in central Europe. We follow a three-step approach: (i) we collect the current central European management practices based on 434 Douglas-fir stands managed by 19 forest companies in Eastern Austria and Southern Germany using a survey. (ii) We calibrate and validate a Douglas-fir parameter set for the tree growth simulator MOSES so that we are able to (iii) simulate the silvicultural management options of Douglas-fir management. Our simulation results suggest: in mixed stands, Douglas-fir should be planted in mono-species patches. This leads to about six times higher productivity compared to a random arrangement. Natural regeneration is possible but requires active management at further development since the productivity might decrease up to 86% when growing in association with the highly competitive native tree species, Common beech (Fagus sylvatica). Intensive tending, as well as thinning, yields a surplus stem volume production of more than 30% in comparison with a moderate intervention. Even if our simulation results were not validated in the field, this analysis suggests that modeling as a heuristic tool is a useful instrument for forest managers in the decision-making process.
Highlights
We look at the promotion of the non-native tree species Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) within central
We identified current management practices and developed growth parameters for Douglas-fir management in central Europe as required by the tree growth simulator MOSES (MOdelingStandrESponse) for simulating management options
We investigated management measures for Douglas-fir stands in central Europe by exploring the current practices and, based on these management practices, by developing management corridors for key Douglas-fir management questions (Table 1)
Summary
As well as societal developments, suggest that shortages in the wood supply will soon be present on a European level. Climate change causes an upwards shift of the elevation optimum of tree species, regarding altitudinal as well as latitudinal elevation [1]. Tree species with a principal distribution range at higher latitudes and disposing of little alternative area for colonization are projected as losers. Species located primarily at lower latitudes at present are predicted to extend their distribution range and are considered winners [2]. This corresponds to findings of [3,4]
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