Evaluating Recovery of Cupressaceae Taxa After Flooding at Contrasting Temperatures

Abstract

Abstract Chamaecyparis are ornamental plants that are used extensively in temperate-zone landscapes worldwide. However, due to their low tolerance to environmental stresses Chamaecyparis often perform poorly in urban landscapes. The objective of this research was to evaluate rootstocks of selected Cupressaceae taxa to determine their adaptability to poor drainage and high temperatures found commonly in urban landscapes. To accomplish this objective, 10 taxa (Chamaecyparis, Platycladus, Thuga spp., and x sCupressocyparis leylandii) were grown in 2.8 liter (#1) black plastic containers with a pinebark:sand (8:1 by vol) medium for 19 weeks in two greenhouses with 9/15 hr day/night temperatures of either 22/18C (72/64F) or 30/26C (86/79F). Half the plants in each greenhouse were flooded for 4 weeks. Root relative growth rate (RGR) was a better indicator of plant performance under flooded conditions compared to shoot RGR. At 22/18C (72/64F), root RGR of Chamaecyparis thyoides and Thuja ‘Green Giant’ only declined 10% and 11% between nonflooded and flooded plants, respectively. Chamaecyparis obtusa and x Cupressocyparis leylandii had the largest percentage decline in root RGR from nonflooded to flooded plants with 71% and 213%, respectively. Chamaecyparis thyoides had the highest root RGR at 30/26C (86/79F) in both nonflooded and flooded conditions with a 19% decrease in root RGR between nonflooded and flooded. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and T. ‘Green Giant’ were ranked 2 and 3 in flooded conditions at 30/26C (86/79F); however, percentage decline increased to 43% and 46%, respectively. At this temperature, the remaining seven taxa had greater than 50% decline in root RGR in flooded conditions compared to nonflooded plants. In nonflooded conditions, shoot and root RGR of all species decreased from 22/18C (72/64F) to 30/26C (86/79F) except for Chamaecyparis thyoides. The shoot and root RGR of Chamaecyparis thyoides grown in 22/18C (72/64F) and 30/26C (86/79F) were similar in nonflooded conditions. Chamaecyparis thyoides demonstrated excellent tolerance to flooding and temperature and could be a desirable understock for other Chamaecyparis when grown in poorly drained locations.