Evaluating quality of life in epilepsy: The role of screening for adverse drug effects, depression, and anxiety

Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of validated screening tools for antiepileptic drug (AED) adverse effects, depression, and anxiety to measure the quality of life (QoL) in people with epilepsy (PWE). MethodsPatients in a tertiary epilepsy service were screened for quality of life (using QOLIE-31), major depressive disorder (MDD) (NDDI-E), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (GAD-7), and AED effects (AEP). Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) generalized anxiety disorder module was also performed. For AEP validation in French, the internal structural validity was analyzed. Dimensional (NDDI-E and GAD-7 scores) and categorical (MDD and GAD) analyses were performed to investigate interactions between QoL and AEP. ResultsA total of 132 (87 females) subjects were included. The French version of the AEP demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties (Cronbach's α 0.87). Correlations between NDDI-E, GAD-7, AEP, and QOLIE-31 scores were high, and significant for all subscales of QOLIE-31; no effect of seizure-related variables was seen. Some sex differences in QOLIE-31 subscales were found, and mean AEP score was higher in females. Age, sex, NDDI-E, GAD-7, and AEP scores accounted for 61% of variance of QOLIE-31 scores. Differential effects were seen on QOLIE-31 subscales: AEP strongly correlated with all subscales; GAD-7 scores more strongly correlated with “Seizure Worry”; NDDI-E with “Energy-Fatigue”; and both NDDI-E and GAD-7 scores strongly correlated with “Emotional Well-Being”. Categorical analysis of groups with MDD alone, GAD alone, MDD+GAD, and neither MDD nor GAD showed significant differences in AEP and QOLIE-31 scores, with MDD+GAD showing the most AED effects and the poorest QoL. SignificanceThe combination of screening tools for depression (NDDI-E), anxiety (GAD-7), and AED effects (AEP) has a strong power for evaluating QoL in PWE. Coexisting MMD and GAD were associated with the poorest quality of life and the highest AEP scores.