Abstract
Abstract Determining the environmental health status of the Strait of Malacca is crucial to prevent further deterioration of its unique marine ecosystems. A total of 18 surface sediment samples were collected from the northern sector of the strait for sediment quality analyses and assessment of the benthic Foraminifera Stress Index (FSI). The results indicated that heavy metal enrichment has resulted in shifts in benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Canonical correspondence analyses confirmed that dissolved oxygen, heavy metal concentrations, and water depth were major factors influencing benthic foraminiferal distributions in the study area. Q-mode cluster analyses classified benthic foraminiferal assemblages into three groups based on environmental conditions: Group A represented very poor environmental conditions (FSI
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