Abstract
In this paper we report on several operating characteristics for a select group of light sources used for horticultural applications. These characteristics include: photon flux (including photosynthetically active radiation or PAR), power consumption, efficiency, and light distribution. We evaluated two (power adjustable) high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS: mogul base and double-ended lamps), three light emitting diode (LED) lamps (two arrays and one standard bulb), a compact fluorescent lamp, and an incandescent lamp. The tested high-pressure sodium lamps recorded the highest PAR efficiency (1.6 µmol J-1) when operated at their highest power consumption settings. But these lamps also exhibited the most rapid decline in intensity during our light distribution tests.
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