Evaluating Morphological Growth, Yield, and Postharvest Fruit Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) Grafted on Cucurbitaceous Rootstocks

Abstract

Grafting is a substitute technique to boost tolerance against abiotic stresses, which also diminish root syndromes from soil-borne pathogens and increase crop production. This piloted study evaluates the tongue grafting technique and investigates the influence of grafting hybrid cucumber (Kalam F1) scion onto local cucurbitaceous and hybrid rootstocks on plant morphology, fruit yield, nutrients concentration in different plant organs, and postharvest fruit quality during three seasons of 2017 to 2019, consecutively. The research design was completely randomized (CRD), and the effects of grafted rootstocks were determined with comparison of percent plant survival, growth characteristics, fruit yield, and texture properties (during storage). The experimental results indicated that all rootstocks presented compatibility with hybrid cucumber (Kalam F1) scion and showed significant comparable performance with hybrid rootstock during all seasons in terms of vegetative growth, yield, and storage except pumpkin (68% during the 1st, 74% during the 2nd, and 71% during the 3rd seasons). The plants with Bottle gourd (Lagrenaria siceraria) rootstock showed the highest survival rate as compared to all other cucurbitaceous and hybrid rootstocks during three seasons: 94%, 98%, and 93%, respectively. Similarly, the other factors such as plant height (613, 622, and 615 cm), fruit weight (282, 281, and 277 g), fruit shape index (7.77, 8.18, and 8.25), Total soluble solids (TSS) (5.1%, 5.17%, and 4.96%), fruit dry matter (4.55%, 4.625, and 4.57%), fruit yield (4.37, 4.9, and 3.95 kg/plant), and disease resistance index (<3) during three seasons were comparable with all other cucurbitaceous and hybrid rootstocks. The lower survival rate of pumpkin rootstock made a significant poor performance with lower growth, yield, nutrients, and storage than all other cucurbitaceous rootstocks. Ridge and Bitter gourds showed improved results for vegetative growth, yield, fruit characteristics, nutritional values, and storage performance than that of hybrid cucumber rootstock. The fruit textural and physical properties were found significantly better at 10 °C than 25 °C for 10 days of storage without quality deterioration, while no impact was perceived on physical properties of the fruit. According to economic analysis, the grafted cucumber production system showed higher net return and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) in comparison with the real rooted hybrid cucumber production system, which was assumed to be profitable practice.