Abstract
Purpose: Paclitaxel (PTX) has transpired as a significant agent in the treatment of breast cancer. Meanwhile, polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are able to increase the anticancer effect of the PTX in the blood. Methods: Nano-precipitation was used to prepare the PLGA-PTX-VitD3 co-delivery NPs. Drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release profile, cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and bcl2 expression of NPs were evaluated. Results: The average size of co-delivery NPs was 231 ± 46 nm. Observed was a controlled release of the PTX and vitamin D3 from co-delivery NPs between 0.5 and 240 hours. MTT showed the ability of 8 μg.mL-1 of co-delivery NPs to kill 50 % of the MCF-7; likewise, the co-delivery NPs prevented MCF-7 migration. The co-delivery NPs led 46.35 % MCF-7 to enter primary apoptosis. 60.8% of MCF-7 in the control group were able to enter the G (1) phase of the cell cycle. The co-delivery NPs increased expression of bax. In addition to its higher toxicity against MCF-7 than that of PTX, co-delivery NPs were able to release drugs continuously for a long period, which indeed increased the efficiency of the drugs. Conclusion: The effect of co-delivery NPs on MCF-7 cell viability was different from that in other drugs. In fact, the co-deliver NPs were able to release drugs continuously for a long time, this could induce primary apoptosis in the MCF-7 and decrease the metastasis and toxicity of drugs.
Highlights
Breast cancer is among the most common neoplastic malignancies, and one of the leading causes of women’s death in the world.[1]
The results of this study showed that polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA)-PTX, PTX and PLGA-PTX-VitD3 co-delivery NPs were able to block the MCF-7 cells at G (1)/M phase, which showed a significant difference in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05)
The results of this study showed that the expression of bax gene in the MCF-7 cells exposed to the PLGA-PTXVitD3 co-delivery NPs was significantly higher than the control group
Summary
Breast cancer is among the most common neoplastic malignancies, and one of the leading causes of women’s death in the world.[1]. PLGA NPs are one group of the commonly used polymers in manufacturing NPs thanks to their high adaptability to biological environments, ability to degrade into natural metabolites, lower toxicity and higher stability than that of liposomes and some other drug delivery systems. The PLGA-made NPs are of PLGA-PTX-VitD3 co-delivery NPs against MCF-7 the most promising tools for transferring drugs and genes from the duct-brain.[6] The poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) which modifies the size and distribution of small size in NPs is one of the most widely used polymers for stabilizing NPs.[7] Studies show that PVA is tightly connected to PLGA; the justification for this process is the hydrophobic link established between the hydroxyl functional group of PVA. The PLGA-PVA, which amongst others is one of the most successful polymers for making polymer NPs,[8,9] could be a suitable candidate for delivery and controlled release of anti-cancer drugs such as paclitaxel (PTX).[10]
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