Evaluating inflammations in high-resolution x-ray phase contrast images of SKG spondylarthritis mice models

Abstract

Spondyloarthritis is an inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by inflammation of the bone and soft tissues, such as enthesis and synovial membrane, in the spine and peripheral joint. Early diagnosis of this disease plays an important role in deciding the possible treatments but has remained a challenge for decades. Several imaging modalities exist, such as X-ray radiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Computed Tomography (CT). However, they are not suitable for the early diagnostics of Spondyloarthritis because of their inability to depict active inflammations. This paper demonstrates the application of a novel X-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) technique that allows imaging of weakly absorbing tissues with better sensitivities than other conventional imaging modalities. A PCI imaging procedure involving 6 affected (SKG induced) and 6 control mice ankles was carried out at the European Synchrotron (ESRF). Results from the high-resolution X-ray phase contrast tomography performed on the mice’s ankles are presented. It was observed that the improved contrast of the soft tissues could allow us to visualize the inflammations in the form of swelling of the synovial membrane. Deep learning techniques are used to segment and evaluate inflammations. The results obtained in this work highlight the ability of the PCI technique to detect inflammations more efficiently than the other conventionally existing modalities.