Evaluating “Humint”: The Role of Foreign Agents in U.S. Security

Abstract

Intelligence is considered the first line of defense in U.S. security against foreign threats. Relying on archival research, rare survey data, and interviews with policymakers and intelligence professionals, this research explores the contribution to America's security made by humint—spies—over the years. Humint has its downsides, especially the unreliability of agents, but it has proved to be a useful tool for gathering information about world affairs. Survey data from inside the intelligence community indicates a high level of reliance on humint by Washington decision makers. The prudent policymaker will continue to seek information from all collection sources, with human intelligence having a valuable role to play.