Abstract
Background: Despite extensive research on the effects of exercise training on VO2max, current literature still lacks to be more conclusive regarding the optimal protocols for maximizing these effects. Variability in study designs, participant populations, and measurement techniques has contributed to inconsistencies in findings, leaving important questions unanswered regarding the most effective exercise strategies. Purpose: This systematic review aims to integrate current research to understand better how different exercise interventions influence VO2max outcomes. Methods: Using Covidence, a web-based platform for systematic reviews, 22,617 studies were initially imported. Following rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, such as focusing on experimental studies with human participants aged 18 or older, VO2max measured via indirect calorimetry, and supervised aerobic training, 724 studies were selected for detailed analysis. Results: A swift analysis of imported studies reveals that most of the studies included in this review were conducted in the United States (n=158), Canada (n=75), and Australia (n=59), reflecting a predominance of research from these regions. Among the studies analyzed, 159 employed moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), 100 utilized high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and 54 implemented sprint interval training (SIT). This distribution highlights the varied approaches to exercise training across different geographical locations and research settings, providing a broad base for understanding how these protocols impact VO2max. Conclusion: The findings from further analysis of this data will help clarify the impact of various exercise intensities and modalities on VO2max, offering guidance for optimizing training protocols, as such it serves as a crucial tool for addressing key questions in exercise physiology, including whether there are significant sex differences in VO2max responses and which exercise training protocols are most effective.
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