Evaluating Curve Number Implementation Alternatives for Peak Flow Predictions in Urbanized Watersheds Using SWMM

Abstract

The application of hydrologic modeling tools to represent urban watersheds is widespread, and calculation of infiltration losses is an essential component of these models. The curve number (CN) method is widely used in such models and is implemented in US EPA’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM 5). SWMM 5 models can be created either using CN values computed only for the pervious fraction of subcatchments, or using the entire subcatchment area, but choice is not clearly understood. The present work evaluates the differences between these approaches in CN computation within SWMM through a comparison with field data collected in an urban watershed in Alabama and with WinTR-55. Four approaches to computing CN were considered in which the impervious fractions varied according to a threshold CN value. Results indicated that a Fully Composite approach, which computed CN from all subcatchment areas, yielded the best results for the sub-watershed with higher average CN. It was also observed that results from the approaches using CN Cut-off values of 90 and 93 were better for subcatchments with lower average CN. The comparison between SWMM 5 and WinTR-55 indicated that SWMM 5 hydrographs had larger peak flow rates, but these differences decreased with larger intensity rain events. Research findings are useful to hydrologic modelers, and in particular for setting up SWMM 5 models using CN method.