Abstract
Green spaces in residential areas provide multiple cultural ecosystem services (CES), which can contribute to human health by increasing the frequency of residents' visits. We evaluated the CES of residential green spaces by assessing residents' satisfaction with these spaces in the city of Zhengzhou, China. The data reveal the supply capacity of CES in residential green spaces: the results suggest that the level of recreational services is low, whereas the residents' satisfaction with the sense of place and neighborhood relations is high. The lower the frequency of residents who visit a park outside the residential area, the higher the satisfaction with the CES. This suggests that residential green spaces can effectively compensate for the lack of nearby parks owing to their proximity to residents' living quarters. The CES in residential communities increased as vegetation coverage increased, indicating that natural vegetation is a source of CES. In addition, the results showed that residents' perceptions of plant decoration, landscape patterns, and management and infrastructure in particular can effectively improve the level of CES, and this could compensate for CES that have shrunk owing to low green space coverage. This study has practical significance and value for the planning and design of residential green spaces, offering suggestions for urban landscape planners and decision makers. Future research should combine the residents' perception of demand and supply of CES and should clarify the gap and trade-off between them.
Highlights
The ecosystem services of urban green spaces can be defined as services that improve the welfare of urban residents who enjoy green spaces [1]
This study aimed to evaluate the level of cultural ecosystem services (CES) in green spaces of residential areas by examining the satisfaction of residents and to explore the possible factors affecting the function of residential green spaces and the key issues that should be addressed
Satisfaction with the recreational services obtained the lowest score, which can be attributed to the absence of public activity spaces and facilities in most residential green spaces
Summary
The ecosystem services of urban green spaces can be defined as services that improve the welfare of urban residents who enjoy green spaces [1]. These services include support, regulation, supply, and cultural ecosystem services (CES) [2]. CES have become a CES of Urban Residential Green Spaces trending topic in urban ecosystem services research. Compared with other types of ecosystem services, research on CES is still in its infancy because its intangible characteristics are difficult to quantify
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