Abstract
In recent years, China has emerged as a crucial trading partner for Latin America, particularly Brazil. Both countries are major greenhouse gas emitters striving to achieve climate goals and a net-zero future. In 2023, Brazil and China’s new Joint Statement on combating climate change reaffirmed their commitment to expanding bilateral cooperation in climate actions and sustainability. However, China has significant influence over agricultural practices and deforestation in the pan-Amazon region because of being a substantial importer of Brazilian beef and soybeans. Meanwhile, during the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), Brazil’s State-owned oil company, Petrobras, entered into agreements with Chinese firms to accelerate its energy transition while paradoxically continuing significant investments in the oil sector. Dispute cases also reveal that, despite the outward appearance of harmonious bilateral cooperation between the two countries, local communities and indigenous peoples who rely on the Amazon Forest experience environmental degradation, habitat destruction, displacement and human rights violations. In light of the apparent contradictions mentioned earlier, this article aims to assess whether China and Brazil have genuinely established a sustainable partnership or if there is evidence of a phenomenon often referred to as ‘green grabbing’. By comparing their efforts with an advanced modern bilateral agreement in this field, the Singapore–Australia Green Economy Agreement, this article aims to create a conceptual framework that captures the key elements for sustainability and peacebuilding within the context of their bilateral engagement.
Published Version
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