Evaluating aspartate–platelet ratio index: A potential non-invasive tool for liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices detection

Abstract

Background: The global health challenge posed by liver cirrhosis, notably its progression to complications such as esophageal varices, necessitates advancements in diagnostic techniques. Aims and Objectives: This study probes the aspartate–platelet ratio index (APRI) capability, a non-invasive diagnostic approach, in effectively managing liver cirrhosis and foreseeing the development of esophageal varices. Materials and Methods: The research at MES Medical College in Perinthalmanna included a cohort of 114 ultrasonographically diagnosed liver cirrhosis patients. Utilizing established formulae, the APRI score was computed and juxtaposed with the incidence and gravity of esophageal varices, ascertained through endoscopic examinations. The analysis encompassed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluation alongside descriptive and inferential statistical methodologies. Results: Within the participant group, the average age was 59.35 years, with males constituting 64.04% of the sample. Notably, 83.33% of the subjects were found to have esophageal varices varying in severity. The APRI score’s predictive capability was moderate (ROC curve area=0.655), indicating limitations in its sole use for diagnosing esophageal varices. Conclusion: While user-friendly and non-intrusive, the APRI score exhibits limited effectiveness in the specific diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and in forecasting the emergence of esophageal varices. Its utility, primarily in signaling liver fibrosis, does not extend robustly as an independent diagnostic tool in clinical scenarios. This study underscores an urgent need for extended research to affirm APRI’s accuracy in diverse liver disease stages and anticipate associated complications.