Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are simple low-cost wastewater treatment units that use natural process to improve the effluent water quality and make it possible for its reuse.in this study used the horizontal flow system for the tertiary treatment of wastewater effluent from secondary basins at Al-Rustamiya wastewater treatment plant / old project / Baghdad / Iraq. the Phragmites Australis plant was used for wastewater treatment and the horizontal subsurface flow system was applied. the experimental study was carried out in February 2020 to October 2020. the parameters were monitored for a period of five weeks, Concentration-based average removal efficiencies for HSSF-CW were COD,53% [NO]_3,41.3% [PO]_4,52% and TSS, 54.2%. Thus, constructed wetland can be considered as a sustainable alternative to the tertiary conventional treatment of wastewater, thus making it possible for reuse..
Highlights
In Iraq, there are eleven major wastewater treatment plants with a total capacity of 650000 m3 /day and usually, they are located near the river banks of Euphrates, Tigris, Kahla, Diala, Husseinya, Diwaniyah, and Shatt Al-Basrah. adopted treatment scheme processes in the plants consisted of traditional steps and can be arranged as preliminary, primary, and secondary treatment systems [1]
The main objective usually expected from wetland system is that, the quality of the discharged water is accepted and meets the local regulation
The gravel that used for building purposes was chosen as the bed material for Phragmites Australis implementation, their densities have been increased dramatically within all the vegetated Constructed wetlands (CWs) units from 10 plants/m2 at plantation in February 2020 to reach 120 plants/m2 after 8 months from plantation process and to reach 120-140 plants/m2 in October 2020
Summary
In Iraq, there are eleven major wastewater treatment plants with a total capacity of 650000 m3 /day and usually, they are located near the river banks of Euphrates, Tigris, Kahla, Diala, Husseinya, Diwaniyah, and Shatt Al-Basrah. adopted treatment scheme processes in the plants consisted of traditional steps and can be arranged as preliminary, primary, and secondary treatment systems [1]. Adopted treatment scheme processes in the plants consisted of traditional steps and can be arranged as preliminary, primary, and secondary treatment systems [1]. These systems required many requirements such as facilities, sanitary collection, as well as treatment and disposal of wastewater to decrease and/or remove the concentration of familiar components like BOD5, COD, total suspended solids (TSS), and nutrients to ensure that the final effluents will not cause additional pollution. Constructed wetland utilization can provide sustainable wastewater treatment because they rely on natural processes and are less expensive to build, operate and maintain when compared with.
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