Evaluación del bienestar espiritual en pacientes en cuidados paliativos

Abstract

ObjectiveAssessing spiritual well-being is an essential and critical aspect of holistic and multidisciplinary patient care practice. A valid assessment of spirituality is necessary for clinical and research purposes. This study examined the presence of spiritual well-being, or meaning in life, in palliative care patients using a psychometrically-sound questionnaire of spirituality. Patients and methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out with 60 palliative care patients. The main instrument, a Spanish-language version of the 21-item Meaning in Life Scale, comprises 4 scales: Purpose, Lessened Meaning, Peace, and Benefits of Spirituality. A total score for Spiritual well-being is also achieved. The following variables were also used: clinical, sociodemographic and assessments on self-rated health, quality of life (general and recently), personal happiness, religiosity, and belief in an afterlife. ResultsResults of this study demonstrated that the Meaning in Life Scale is a psychometrically-sound measure of spiritual well-being for the palliative care patient (good reliability and validity), as they manage the complex demands of a chronic illness. Spiritual well-being was significantly associated with various quality of life variables, health status, personal happiness, or religiosity in patients on palliative care. No association was found between spirituality scores and sex or age. The presence of spiritual well-being in palliative care patients was lower than expected. ConclusionThis spirituality questionnaire is a valid instrument to assess 4 core dimensions of spiritual well-being. The results suggest that to address and assess spiritual well-being with palliative care patients may be helpful for clinical praxis. Spirituality may play an important role in the psychological well-being, quality of life, and self-rated health for palliative care patients. Spiritual well-being in these patients was relatively low.