Abstract
The Leza Formation is a carbonate unit of the northern Cameros Basin (N Spain) with controversial age, stratigraphic position, and sedimentological interpretation. It was deposited in a series of fault-bounded tectonic depressions along the northern margin of the basin. The Leza Fm overlies and changes laterally to the siliciclastic Jubera Fm, and the thickness of both units is also controlled by faults. Although the Leza Fm has been traditionally interpreted as lacustrine with sporadic marine incursions, detailed sedimentological analysis reveals new and very abundant evidences of marine influence: sedimentary structures of tidal origin, common marine fossils (dasycladales and foraminifers), and homogeneous populations of porocharacean charophytes, indicative of brackish conditions. Thus, this unit is interpreted as deposited in a system of coastal-wetlands with both fresh-water and sea-water influence, laterally related with the alluvial deposits of the Jubera Fm and the fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Enciso Gr towards the centre of the basin. Using the chronostratigraphic ranges of the marine fossils and the lateral relationship with adjacent units, the Leza Fm is confirmed as part of a depositional sequence late Barremian - early Aptian in age. Furthermore, a transgressive trend is defined in the Leza Fm, which is compared with the eustatic evolution of the neighbouring Basque-Cantabrian, Iberian and Pyrenean marine basins, allowing correlation of the upper part of this unit with the widespread eustatic maximum of the middle-upper part of the early Aptian. This eustatic influence provided additional accommodation space to that created by tectonics. These data from the Cameros Basin are contrasted with a thorough compilation of paleogeographic data, showing that, during the early Aptian transgression, marine influence was likely to reach the northern Cameros Basin, not only coming from the SE Iberian Basin, as previously interpreted, but also from the NW Basque-Cantabrian Basin. This resulted in a probable link between Boreal and Tethyan marine realms [RESUMEN] La Formacion Leza es una unidad carbonatica del norte de la Cuenca de Cameros (N Espana), cuya edad, posicion estratigrafica e interpretacion sedimentologica son controvertidas. Se deposito en una serie de cubetas tectonicas limitadas por fallas a lo largo del borde norte de la cuenca. La Fm Leza yace sobre y pasa lateralmente a los depositos siliciclasticos de la Fm Jubera, estando el espesor de ambas unidades tambien controlado por fallas. Pese a que la Fm Leza ha sido tradicionalmente interpretada como lacustre con incursiones marinas esporadicas, el analisis sedimentologico detallado revela nuevas evidencias muy abundantes de influencia marina: estructuras sedimentarias de origen mareal, y habituales fosiles marinos (dasycladales y foraminiferos), asi como poblaciones homogeneas de carofitas porocaraceas, que indican medios salobres. Esta unidad se interpreta como formada en un sistema de humedales costeros con influencia tanto de agua dulce como de agua marina, relacionado lateralmente con los depositos aluviales de la Fm Jubera y con los depositos fluvio-lacustres del Gr Enciso hacia el centro de la cuenca. Usando los rangos cronoestratigraficos de los fosiles marinos y las relaciones laterales con unidades adyacentes, se confirma la pertenencia de la Fm Leza a la secuencia deposicional de edad Barremiense superior - Aptiense inferior. Ademas, se define una tendencia transgresiva en la Fm Leza, que al ser comparada con la evolucion eustatica de las cuencas marinas coetaneas, Vasco-Cantabrica, Iberica y Pirenaica, permite la correlacion de la parte superior de esta unidad con el maximo eustatico generalizado de la parte media-superior del Aptiense inferior. Esta influencia eustatica produjo un espacio de acomodacion adicional al producido por la tectonica. Estos datos de la Cuenca de Cameros son contrastados con una recopilacion exhaustiva de datos paleogeograficos, mostrando que durante la transgresion del Aptiense inferior, la influencia marina probablemente alcanzo el norte de la Cuenca de Cameros no solo desde la Cuenca Iberica al SE, como ha sido interpretado previamente, sino tambien desde la Cuenca Vasco-Cantabrica al NO. Esto produciria la probable union entre los ambitos del Oceano Boreal y del Tetis.
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