Abstract
With the development of the endoscopic US system, the gastrointestinal (GI) wall was usually imaged as a five‐layered structure, due to the different US properties of the mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis propria. The average accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for T‐staging of esophageal cancer is 84% by means of the collected results of 21 recently published reports. The average diagnostic accuracy of the N stage by the TNM classification according to the aforementioned reports was 77%. EUS investigation is very effective in the evaluation of pre‐ and post‐neoadjuvant therapy and this method will be further developed by the recent development of three‐dimensional (3D) EUS investigation which makes it possible to directly measure tumor volume.
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