Abstract

Middle EoceneEurotamandua from Germany has been considered to be the oldest anteater and the only known Old World xenarthran, based on numerous derived features shared with living Myrmecophagidae or Xenarthra. Many of these features are ambiguous, however, and comparison with early Tertiary Palaeanodonta reveals several detailed, derived resemblances in forelimb anatomy. This suggests thatEurotamandua may be descended from, or the sister taxon of, Palaeanodonta.

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