Abstract
The article makes focus on the rise of Western Europe’s far-right parties which act with anti-immigrant agenda amid 2010s European migrant crisis. Massive influxes of refugees and migrants have accumulated huge political significance and triggered off a wide range of conflicts (both on international and national levels). The migrant crisis has indicated many social-political challenges for European countries. The crisis has been synchronous with a rise of popularity of right populist political movements (old ones as well as new ones), which promote restrictions of immigration etc. At the same time it cannot be ignored that West European right-wing populist political movements achieved some success in previous decades, well ahead of the current migrant crisis. Immigration issue has been a centerpiece of political discourses of West European right-wing parties (National Front in France, for instance) since late 1970s – early 1980s. But it is quite obvious that the 2010s migrant crisis became a trigger for revitalization of the far-right movements which are outspoken critics of the European Union as “a supra- national body” dictating its conditions to the member countries. Besides, the crisis gave a boost to a rise of new populist movements (for example, “Alternative for Germany”). In 2017 the populist right-wing parties in Europe won the largest support over the three past decades. Recently the right populist forces appeared in elections in a number of European countries (Germany, Austria, France etc.) as tough competitor of traditional mainstream political parties and won parliamentary representation and/or representation in the government coalitions. Furthermore, these movements demonstrate attempts to change their image to shift to political mainstream. However, in the foreseeable future, any cardinal breakthrough and far-right anti- immigrant parties’ coming to the power in Western Europe’s coutrnies is hardly possible.
Highlights
Kholodkovskij K.G. (2016) Perestrojka zapadnoevropejskoj partijnoj sistemy [Transformation of West European Political System]
The crisis has been synchronous with a rise of popularity of right populist political movements, which promote restrictions of immigration etc
At the same time it cannot be ignored that West European right-wing populist political movements achieved some success in previous decades, well ahead of the current migrant crisis
Summary
Андрей Эдуардович ЯШЛАВСКИЙ кандидат политических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. В статье оценивается активизация в Западной Европе праворадикальных политических партий, выступающих под антииммигрантскими лозунгами, на фоне миграционного кризиса 2010-х гг. Массовый приток беженцев и мигрантов приобрел политическое значение, вызвав целый ряд конфликтов (как на межгосударственном, так и национальном уровнях), обозначил для стран Европы многочисленные общественно-политические вызовы и совпал с ростом популярности популистских движений (как давно существующих в Европе, так и возникших в последние годы), выступающих за ограничение иммиграции. В ряде стран (Германия, Австрия, Франция и т.д.) правопопулистские партии выступили на выборах различного уровня как серьезные конкуренты традиционных «системных» политических партий, получив представительство в национальных парламентах и/или правительственных коалициях. Однако в обозримой перспективе вряд ли возможен кардинальный перелом и приход праворадикальных антииммигрантских партий к власти в странах Западной Европы. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: правый радикализм, правый популизм, мигранты, иммиграция, беженцы, миграционный кризис, антииммигрантские партии, праворадикальные партии, Европа, ЕС, Европейский Союз, антииммигрантская политика
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