Europeanization of Fight Against Disinformation and Propaganda at the Times of New Russian Hybrid Warfare

Abstract

Summary After Russian aggression against Georgia, annexation of Crimea and war against Ukraine international community of experts in academia, state administration and civil society were increasingly reflecting the issue of hybrid warfare and information war. This is also the case of the EU which developed structures addressing hybrid warfare, especially disinformation and propaganda. The main aim of this article is to analyse the process of creation of these structures in the context of Europeanization concept and reveal reasons for inadequacy and inefficiency of the newly established institutions. Despite EU succeeded in creation of policy instruments their effectiveness is far from being enough vis-à-vis Russian efforts.