Abstract
Buildings are the major source of greenhouse gas releases: lowering their energy consumption and emissions is particularly challenging for the existing building stock. This topic was examined at an individual building level in the International Energy Agency’s EBC Annex 56. However, the increasing request of nearly zero energy buildings highlight another important topic: the need of an increase in energy production for satisfying the required amount of renewable energy sources. This task could be solved at the district level for the existing buildings, even if it is a complex issue. This work presents a general introduction on the topic of Urban and Regional Integrated Energy Planning, with a focus on the regional and supraregional process to create and manage energy plans. After the first introductory part, the method is explained through a description of its main phases and the tools used. The subsequent section presents a general overview on the European projects that deal with the problem of district regeneration; the ones that are more related to the topic of this work are considered in a deeper way through tangible applications in Italian cities. The study of already done examples will help in the definition of benefits and drawbacks, with the aim to defining newer and better energy planning procedures.
Highlights
Urbanization theories from the late 50’s point out that national priorities and typical characteristics of the region need to be taken into account in order to proceed toward a sustainable urban development
A summary of the most important methods and tools to define energy related projects points out how the process of designing and implementing an energy plan almost never takes into consideration all the parts of the process in a comprehensive way
A series of common renovation strategies emerge as widely used in all the intervention works, thanks to their efficiency in reducing energy use (Table 1)
Summary
Urbanization theories from the late 50’s point out that national priorities and typical characteristics of the region need to be taken into account in order to proceed toward a sustainable urban development In this framework, after the 1970’s oil crisis, the International Energy Agency (IEA), with the support of several Countries, proposed a new approach to deal with the use of energies in communities: the Integrated Energy Planning (IEP), a tool developed to support the longterm planning processes of expansion areas. From the 90’s ecological and environmental concerns started to shift the attention of the planning approaches to the effects of the human activities on the environment [1] These considerations led to the developing of a new way of urban planning: Urban and Regional Integrated Energy Planning (UR-IEP). From a methodological point of view, considering all the previous energy-planning plans, a common scheme emerges; the planning processes can be divided in 4 phases [4]:
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