Abstract
The management of the Global Positioning System (GPS) by the U. S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been the subject of persistent criticism by the global community of users in general and particularly in Europe. The European Union (EU) is considering various global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that would provide it with varying degrees of control, autonomy, and specificity of use. The gamut of options includes various augmentations of GPS, a combination of GLONASS and GPS, and its own GNSS, dubbed Galileo. We discuss the concerns of the global community with respect to GPS and the motives that drive the GPS globalization debate. We also describe the various European GNSS concepts and initiatives, and the likelihood for their realization as substitutes to the GPS. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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