Abstract
European Court of Justice delivers no justice to Europe on genome-edited crops.
Highlights
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After LJ Stadler demonstrated the use of X-rays to mutagenize barley and maize (Stadler, 1930), breeders began to create their own variation, using random mutagenesis followed by selection, called ‘mutation breeding’
They offer an efficient platform for analysis of gene function through reverse genetics
Summary
The advent of agriculture about ten millennia ago, the Green Revolution of the 1960s, and all agriculture in-between and since were founded on identification and use of genetic variation. At the beginning of 2019, the joint FAO/IAEA mutant variety database (mvd.iaea.org/) contained 3284 plant varieties released in more than 60 countries, which were either the direct products of mutagenesis or their progeny. In the last few years, genome editing, a set of highly accurate tools for introducing specific genetic variations, has been taken into use worldwide. They offer an efficient platform for analysis of gene function through reverse genetics. They offer a means of knocking out a gene whose function is known, in order to alter an associated crop trait (Yin et al, 2017). Given the low level of off-site mutations, back-crossing of the T0 generation will eliminate the secondary mutations with high efficiency, unlike for conventionally mutagenized lines
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