Abstract
This chapter discusses the historical background and structure of European Communities. The European Communities are a unique experiment in regional organization, being designed to achieve a high degree of economic and, ultimately, political integration and having created a body of law that combines characteristics of both international and municipal law. The Communities have four institutions: the Assembly, the Council, the Commission, and the Court of Justice of the European Communities. Each of the three founding treaties provides for those institutions, although the terminology varies: the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community provided for a high authority and for a Special Council of Ministers. However, as the setting up of the European Economic Community (EEC), and European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), there has been a single assembly and a single court for the three Communities, by virtue of the Convention on certain institutions common to the European Communities, annexed to the EEC, and Euratom Treaties.
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