Europe’s policy transition toward green steel development: Prospective and challenges

Abstract

ABSTRACT Despite the increasing use of steel in the contemporary world, the iron and steel industry is one of the emitters of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The research indicates that the primary ironmaking method is responsible for about 80% of emissions and generates air pollutants linked to 4.2 million deaths yearly. Implementing advanced technologies in steel manufacturing could reduce CO2 emissions in Europe, where energy-intensive industries account for roughly 8% of the EU’s total emissions. The Steel Action Plan, introduced by the European Commission (EC), presents an exquisite and compelling solution to address the intricate challenges of surplus manufacturing capacity, formidable carbon emissions, and a scarcity of cutting-edge steel products. The European Green Deal (EGD) outlines cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50% from 1990 and increasing the use of renewable electricity by 32% by 2030, necessitating a shift away from fossil fuels in the EU’s steel industry. Even though these ambitious goals are to safeguard our planet and ensure a sustainable future for mankind, implementing various policies raises questions about their applicability. Thus, this paper delves into the pivotal role of Europe in the transformative journey toward sustainable steel production through policy implementation.