Abstract
With the Lisbon Treaty, the fifth representation of European citizenship, ‘Europe of Rights’, emerged, where European citizenship was understood as defined by civil-legal rights. Accordingly, European citizens were represented in the form of citizen-consumers who gained their rights from the Single Market and who should be able to easily enjoy these rights. The European Commission’s objective was therefore to remove all obstacles (which included a citizen’s lack of knowledge about these rights) that European citizens encounter when trying to exercise their rights across European borders. Once citizens’ rights were rendered understandable and easily enjoyable, European citizens would develop, so the European Commission hoped, a solidarity with and loyalty to the EU and fellow European citizens.
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