Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the nephro-protective effect of eupatilin in diabetic nephropathic (DN) rats.Method: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg) and confirmed by fasting blood glucose results, while DN was determined by measuring serum urea and creatinine levels on day 40 after STZ administration. The eupatilin-treated group received eupatilin at 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. for 20 days, after which blood levels of some biochemical parameters, glomerulosclerosis index, eosinophilic cast index, and expression of MMP-9 were determined using standard procedures.Results: Treatment with eupatilin significantly decreased serum levels of glucose, creatinine and urea, and increased creatinine clearance, compared to the negative control group. Moreover, eupatilin attenuated changes in kidney histopathology, and significantly enhanced the expression of MMP-9 in the kidney tissues of the DN rats, relative to negative control group.Conclusion: These results indicate that eupatilin attenuates renal failure in STZ-induced DN rats by upregulating the expression of MMP-9.Keywords: Eupatilin, Streptozotocin, Diabetic nephropathy, MMP-9
Highlights
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes and a leading cause of death worldwide
Kidney index was significantly (p < 0.01) increased while creatinine clearance was decreased in the negative control, relative to control group
Kidney index was significantly decreased, while creatinine clearance was significantly increased in the eupatilin-treated groups, when compared to negative control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01)
Summary
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes and a leading cause of death worldwide. Uncontrolled blood glucose level enhances the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and stimulates protein kinase C (PKC) [4]. These result in the enhancement of expressions of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [5]. The present study was aimed at evaluating the nephron-protective activity of eupatilin in STZ-induced DN rat model. The rats were divided into four groups: control group without STZ, negative control, and two eupatilin groups given either 50 or 100 mg/kg eupatilinn p.o. All treatments lasted for 20 days, after which biochemical analyses were done in blood and urine of the DN rats. Histopathological changes in the kidney slices were observed under a Trinocular microscope
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