Abstract
Abstract: Eunotia species from a stream located in the surrounding area of the Iguaçu National Park conservation unit were analyzed. Samples were monthly collected from September 2012 to August 2013. The periphytic material, manually obtained by squeezing aquatic macrophytes, was oxidized and analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy. Twenty-one infrageneric taxa of Eunotia were identified, measured, and illustrated. Eunotia caniculoides sp. nov. is proposed as a new species, and eight taxa are new records for Paraná state.
Highlights
The genus Eunotia Ehrenberg is characterized by the valve isopolarity, apical axis asymmetry, uniseriate striae, short raphe system, usually restricted to the valve apices and the presence of rimoportulae (Kociolek & Spaulding 2003, Furey 2011)
Based on a bibliographic check-list of freshwater diatom studies developed in the state of Paraná from 1954 to 2009, Tremarin et al (2009) listed 110 Eunotia infrageneric taxa, and Cavalcante et al (2014) mention about 245 taxa registered to Brazil
The more common taxa in the studied river, occurring in at least 50% of the samples, were: E. bilunaris, E. ambivalens, E. longicamelus, E. karenae, E. minor, E. pseudosudetica var. rotundata, E. monodon, E. juettnerae, E. pileus, E. rabenhorstii var. monodon, E. rabenhorstii var. triodon, E. botulitropica and E. sedina. 66.6% of identified species were widely distributed in the study area and considered of common occurrence, 19.04% were constant, 9.52% were sporadic and 4.76% were rare
Summary
The genus Eunotia Ehrenberg is characterized by the valve isopolarity, apical axis asymmetry, uniseriate striae, short raphe system, usually restricted to the valve apices and the presence of rimoportulae (Kociolek & Spaulding 2003, Furey 2011). The extant species are found in freshwater environments (Round et al 1990) but some fossil Eunotia have already been described from marine sediments in New Zealand (Novitski & Kociolek 2005). Eunotia is one of the most common and species-rich diatom genera in the Neotropics (Patrick 1940a, 1940b, Hustedt 1952a, 1952b, 1965, Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot 1998, 2007, Sala et al 2002a, 2002b, Dunck et al 2016, Faustino et al 2016, Costa et al 2017), with remarkable diversity in Brazilian acidic environments (Ferrari et al 2007, Bicca et al 2011, Canani & Torgan 2013, Dunck et al 2013a, 2013b, 2016, Cavalcante et al 2014). Based on a bibliographic check-list of freshwater diatom studies developed in the state of Paraná from 1954 to 2009, Tremarin et al (2009) listed 110 Eunotia infrageneric taxa, and Cavalcante et al (2014) mention about 245 taxa registered to Brazil
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