Abstract
Abstract. The purpose of the EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation) prototype early warning system (EWS) is to develop the combined use of harmonised data products from satellite, ground-based and in situ instruments to produce alerts of airborne hazards (volcanic, dust, smoke and radionuclide clouds), satisfying the requirement of aviation air traffic management (ATM) stakeholders (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/723986, last access: 5 November 2021). The alert products developed by the EUNADICS-AV EWS, i.e. near-real-time (NRT) observations, email notifications and netCDF (Network Common Data Form) alert data products (called NCAP files), have shown significant interest in using selective detection of natural airborne hazards from polar-orbiting satellites. The combination of several sensors inside a single global system demonstrates the advantage of using a triggered approach to obtain selective detection from observations, which cannot initially discriminate the different aerosol types. Satellite products from hyperspectral ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and infrared (IR) sensors (e.g. TROPOMI – TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument – and IASI – Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) and a broadband geostationary imager (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager; SEVIRI) and retrievals from ground-based networks (e.g. EARLINET – European Aerosol Research Lidar Network, E-PROFILE and the regional network from volcano observatories) are combined by our system to create tailored alert products (e.g. selective ash detection, SO2 column and plume height, dust cloud, and smoke from wildfires). A total of 23 different alert products are implemented, using 1 geostationary and 13 polar-orbiting satellite platforms, 3 external existing service, and 2 EU and 2 regional ground-based networks. This allows for the identification and the tracking of extreme events. The EUNADICS-AV EWS has also shown the need to implement a future relay of radiological data (gamma dose rate and radionuclides concentrations in ground-level air) in the case of a nuclear accident. This highlights the interest of operating early warnings with the use of a homogenised dataset. For the four types of airborne hazard, the EUNADICS-AV EWS has demonstrated its capability to provide NRT alert data products to trigger data assimilation and dispersion modelling providing forecasts and inverse modelling for source term estimate. Not all of our alert data products (NCAP files) are publicly disseminated. Access to our alert products is currently restricted to key users (i.e. Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres, national meteorological services, the World Meteorological Organization, governments, volcano observatories and research collaborators), as these are considered pre-decisional products. On the other hand, thanks to the EUNADICS-AV–SACS (Support to Aviation Control Service) web interface (https://sacs.aeronomie.be, last access: 5 November 2021), the main part of the satellite observations used by the EUNADICS-AV EWS is shown in NRT, with public email notification of volcanic emission and delivery of tailored images and NCAP files. All of the ATM stakeholders (e.g. pilots, airlines and passengers) can access these alert products through this free channel.
Highlights
Hazardous clouds can very often be a considerable threat to human society, especially for the life, health and properties of a population
The main objective of EUNADICS-AV is to close this gap in data and information availability, enabling all stakeholders in the aviation system to obtain fast, coherent and consistent information. This would facilitate the work of all stakeholders in the system, on one hand the European Aviation Crisis Coordination Cell (EACCC) and the functions of air traffic management (ATM) and air traffic control (ATC) and on the other hand airline flight dispatching and individual flight planning. The idea of this prototype mechanism is to take into account and create input for existing national and international systems, including the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs), which deliver products for aviation in the case of a volcanic eruption, and Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres (RSMCs) designated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) with activity specialisation atmospheric transport modelling in charge of providing products in the case of a nuclear accident and emergency
This bloc/activity has a central role in the EUNADICS-AV system, as it acts as a trigger for the data integration of tailored observations in dispersion model forecasts, which can provide critical information in the resilience process for ATM decision-makers facing a crisis due to an airborne hazard
Summary
Hazardous clouds can very often be a considerable threat to human society, especially for the life, health and properties of a population. The use of satellite data (Prata, 2009; Prata et al, 2010; Theys et al, 2013, 2019; Clarisse et al, 2013, 2019; Christian et al, 2020; Khaykin et al, 2020) and groundbased networks (Ansmann et al, 2011, 2021; Pappalardo et al, 2013; D’Amico et al, 2015; Osborne et al, 2019; Hernández-Ceballos et al, 2020) is essential in the dispersion modelling process It makes it possible, as it can provide information about the source of an emission; discriminate the type of particles; and provide the geolocation of the hazardous cloud, a crucial input for transport models
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