Eukaryal composition and diversity in anaerobic soils influenced by the novel chiral insecticide Paichongding

Xiaolin Zhu,Shaomin Zhou,Xiyue Zhao,Guanghua Yang,Jing Guo,Zhiqiang Cai

doi:10.1186/s13568-018-0590-7

Abstract

Paichongding (IPP) is a neonicotinoid chiral insecticide with independent intellectual property in China. IPP application can increase crop yield, and also lead to insecticide residue and pollution in soils, which will affect microbial population and community composition in soils. In this study, four different types of soils were employed to inquire into the impact of IPP on eukaryal community and species-group through pyrosequencing of 18S rRNA gene amplicons. Fungal population differed in different soils at different days after IPP treatment (DAT). Eukaryal community species in CK (control check) groups were more rich than that with Paichongding sprayed at 5 DAT, while eukaryal species in CK soils at 60 DAT was relatively slight. Shannon’s H’ analysis indicated fungal species in CK soils were also higher at 5 DAT and relative lower at 60 DAT, except in soil C. There are also differences in the phyla and genus levels of the eukaryotic communities in the soil. After IPP application, the relative abundance of Nectriaceae increased 3–4 times in soil C. In soil F, Phaeosphaeriaceae increased to 57.3% at 5 DAT. The genus of Guehomyces, Aspergillus and Alternaria increased from 3.1 to 9.7, 1.1 to 4.6, 1.5 to 6.7% in soil H, respectively.

Highlights

Soil microorganism play the most important roles on soil productivity and fertility, including organic matter decomposing, nutrient cycling, and soil aggregates forming (Six et al 2004), they can change soil chemical and physical properties
The results showed that eukaryal community species in control check (CK) group have more diverse than that in samples with Paichongding application at 5 days after IPP treatment (DAT), while eukaryal species in CK soils at 60 DAT was relatively lower
The research results indicated that significant difference of fungal population existed before and after IPP spraying in anaerobic soils

Summary

Introduction

Soil microorganism play the most important roles on soil productivity and fertility, including organic matter decomposing, nutrient cycling, and soil aggregates forming (Six et al 2004), they can change soil chemical and physical properties. Pesticide residue in soil affect microbial community composition in soils by altering their population, enzyme activity and Paichongding (IPP, 1-((6-chloropydidin-3-yl) methyl)7-methyl-8-nitro-5propoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-α-]-pyridine), is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide with independent intellectual property rights (Cai et al 2016a, b, c; Fu et al 2013). It has four stereoisomers (RR, SS, RS and SR-IPP) because of its two chiral carbon centers. In 2009, IPP production in China has reached 1000 tons and was sprayed for almost 3.3 million hectares (Fu et al 2013)

Methods

Results

Conclusion