Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, the Eu3+ ions doped Bi2SiO5 catalysts (Eu3+/BS30) synthesized by means of ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method as solid catalysts for oleic acid esterification with methanol has not yet been reported till now. The effect of Eu3+ ions doping on the physicochemical and optical properties of Bi2SiO5 catalyst was investigated by the XRD, HR-TEM, BET, NH3-TPD and UV–vis/DR techniques. Further, the catalyst doped with the highest Eu3+ ions loading (0.07Eu3+/BS30) not only showed the smallest particle size but also possessed the longest nano-rod particle compared to the other catalysts. It was noteworthy that the BET surface area of 0.07Eu3+/BS30 catalyst was about 79% larger than the undoped one (BS30). Interestingly, the 0.07Eu3+/BS30 catalyst not only exhibited the largest acidity but also possessed the largest number of strong acid sites compared to the other catalysts. It was observed that the esterification conversion of Bi2SiO5 catalyst at optimized reaction conditions increases significantly from 92% to a maximum of 99% with an increase of Eu3+ ions loading from 0.01 to 0.07 mol. Ultimately, the 0.07Eu3+/BS30 catalyst was showed an excellent reusability as it preserved activity of 94% after five catalytic runs without considerable loss in activity.
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