EU ETS I TE „PLJEVLJA“: IZAZOVI I PERSPEKTIVE

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2), emissions, greenhouse gases, and emission units are pivotal concepts shaping the energyclimate policies of many countries, collectively linked by the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS). Understanding this system, i.e. the taxation of CO2 emitters, becomes extremely important from the perspective of the profitability of existing fossil fuel thermal power plants. Montenegro, as the first non-EU country in the region, has implemented an emissions trading system similar to the EU ETS. If other countries do not adopt a specific form of taxing emissions from industries, they will face a cross-border CO2 tax that the EU plans to introduce from 2026. This study focuses on analyzing the challenges arising from carbon dioxide emissions from the only thermal power plant in Montenegro, particularly considering the obligations during the accession to the European Union (EU). There is a substantial need for emission reductions in line with strict EU standards while simultaneously maintaining the sustainability of the energy sector. The paper addresses challenges related to the payment of carbon dioxide emissions, exploring necessary economic mechanisms for calculation and management. The legal regulations governing this area were also analyzed. In fulfilling the obligation arising from the Law on Protection from Adverse Effects of Climate Change, an Emission Monitoring Plan for greenhouse gases was developed for the Pljevlja Thermal Power Plant. By preparing this document, the requirement for obtaining the Greenhouse Gas Emission Permit for the Pljevlja Thermal Power Plant for a period of 10 years was fulfilled. The permit defines the reporting frequency, including the submission of a Verified Greenhouse Gas Emission Report to the Environmental Protection and Nature Agency by March 1st of the current year for the previous year.