Abstract
This chapter discusses the characteristics of two concepts of democracy and three strategies of democratization as outlined by the European Commission. It casts the European Commission as the promoter of an ambivalent concept of democracy (participatory governance). This concept allows civil society representatives to participate in transnational politics, but it also prioritizes a technocratic and managerial understanding of politics, which renders civil society participation ineffective. The second concept (deep democracy) was proposed by the European Commission in its revised neighborhood policy in the year 2011. Deep democracy stands for the Western liberal tradition of democracy. Finally, the chapter shows that the European Commission has diversified its strategies of democratization in the light of reform-reluctant political elites and due to civil society-driven regime changes in its neighborhood.
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