Abstract
In 2015, the United Nations (UN) decided on 17 sustainable development goals. Goal 16 focused on peace, justice and strong institutions and on the importance of democracy for global sustainable development. This study explores the status of democracy in Europe and highlights tendencies of authoritarianism in some post-communist states. This happens in a global context of resurgence of autocratization. Although the European Union (EU) continues to be a solid liberal democratic order, challenges in post-communist Europe exist, especially in Hungary as a new authoritarian state within the EU.
Highlights
In September 2015, a special United Nations (UN) Summit, including 193 member states, adopted Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
This study explores the status of democracy in Europe in the last two decades by using well-established democracy indexes, namely the Freedom House Index, the Nations in Transit Index and the V-Democracy Index in addition to research on democratization and autocratization
The Nations in Transit Index explores 29 post-communist states in Central Europe and Central Asia focusing on the status of democracy by assessing each country on a scale of 1 to 7 in the following categories: National Democratic Governance, Local Democratic Governance, Electoral Process, Independent Media, Civil Society, Judicial Framework and Independence and Corruption
Summary
In September 2015, a special United Nations (UN) Summit, including 193 member states, adopted Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Democratic governance around the world and how Goal 16 had to be promoted in all UN activities She acknowledged that democracies may have different forms of governance, with different historical and cultural legacies, but how democracy, as free and fair elections, transparent institutions, fair and balanced rules for people/state relations and checks and balances are universal freedoms for everyone and everywhere (UN Secretary-General, 2019). The EU is a global frontrunner on the Agenda 2030 and Goal 16 on peace, justice and strong institutions, there are new alarming challenges in the European democratic landscape and especially so in some post-communist states such as Hungary and Poland These challenges could become serious hindrances for the consolidation of democracy in individual states and the implementation of Goal 16 in post-communist societies, and undermine further EU integration based on a liberal democratic order. The UN acknowledged climate changes consequences with a severe impact on people and societies, such as natural
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