Etoricoxib and Herbal Adjuvant Containing Nanoparticles Incorporated Gel and Ointment Formulations for the Treatment of Human Skin Melanoma (SK-MEL-2)

Abstract

Aim: The aim of study was to develop nanoparticles consisting etoricoxib with ethanolic extract of ginger rhizome (GE) and basil leaves (BE) and evaluated against human skin cancer cells (melanoma, SK-MEL-2). Nanoparticles were further incorporated into gel and ointment and characterized. Material: Concentration of extract was varied while etoricoxib remains constant in nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were incorporated into gel and ointment, prepared by using tamarind seed polysaccharide and aloe vera gel, respectively. Result: All the batches of nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size and were found from 924 nm (N1) to 1084 nm (N9). The loading efficiency of etoricoxib varied form 66.8 ± 0.05% (N4) to 85.1 ± 0.04% (N9), for GE 60.3 ± 0.04% (N4) to 72.1 ± 0.05% (N9), for BE 59.5 ± 0.04% (N8) to 80.5 ± 0.03% (N9). The consistency of ointment and gel was found smooth. The pH of the nanoparticles incorporated ointment was observed 6.2 ± 0.023 (O6) to 6.2 ± 0.089 (O4), viscosity was found as 0.70 ± 0.098 (O3) to 1.130 ± 0.092 (O1) gm/cm3, and spreadability in the range of 58.3 ± 0.062 (O2) to 66.2 ± 0.098 (O5)%. The pH of nanoparticles incorporated gel was observed 6.2 ± 0.019 (G2) to 6.2 ± 0.098 (G7), viscosity was found as 0.847 ± 0.030 (G7) to 1.130 ± 0.065 gm/cm3 (G9), with spreadability in the range of 62.5 ± 0.045% (G5) to 70.51±0.056% (G4). In vitro cytotoxic studies showed that nanoparticles incorporated gel formulation (G1) was able to control cell growth (SK-MEL-2). Conclusion: It can be concluded that etoricoxib and herbal components consisting formulations were able to control human skin cancer cells.