Etiopathophysiology, Novel and Advanced Therapy Options, Management and Care Plan to Prevent Lower Limb Amputations for Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Abstract

Diabetes often leads to foot ulcers, which can impose significant challenges on individuals and the healthcare system, particularly when they reoccur or fail to heal. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are the leading cause of limb loss in diabetic patients, with amputation rates 10-20 times higher than that in non-diabetic individuals. The authors have present a holistic portrayal of diabetic foot ulcer leading to lower limb amputations including the epidemiology, etiopathophysiology in a comprehensive manner. This presents the severity of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer condition prevailing in communities and how it makes the lives difficult for the patients. The article also reviews the pharmacology based treatment options, technology based therapy along with prevention strategies, and nanotechnology based treatment options and advanced technologies that are currently in use and under development to address the issue better. The authors have extensively reviewed the dressings and wound care techniques, novel therapy, management and care strategies to tackle the issue of DFU and proposed the strategies for better management and care regimes so that the Lower limb amputations can be minimized.