ETIOPATHOGENETIC FEATURES OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Abstract

Objective. To determine the most important etiopathogenetic factors of formation, with their subsequent influence on the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in preschool children. Material and methods. 58 children aged 2 to 5 years with AD were examined. Clinical examination of patients, a general analysis of blood and urine, koproovocystoscopy, the determination of specific IgE (to food, household, epidermal, pollen allergens) by ELISA, examination of feces for dysbiosis were performed. Assessment of clinical manifestations of AD was carried out on the bases of the SCORAD system (1997). Results. The obtained data indicated that in the severe course of the disease the first clinical signs of AD were observed already in early childhood (up to a year). Hereditary burden for allergic diseases was determined on average 74.1%, but with moderate and severe pollen sensitization was recorded - in 46.6%, epidermal - in 13.8% of patients. Factors contributing to AD aggravation in pre-school children are the food factor (72.4%), contact with plant dust (43.1%) and stressful situations (17.2%). In patients with severe disease the rates of these factors were higher from 9 to 35%. The highest incidence of co-morbidity noted among children with severe AD was 2 times higher in patients with moderate severity. Conclusion. The AD severity in children of preschool age depends directly on the simultaneous presence of several major etiopathogenetic factors. In particular, the presence of food (72.47%) and pollen (54.5%) sensitization of the organism against the background of hereditary burden on allergic diseases (90.9%) leads to disease complication, which is 9% to 35% higher than in patients with moderate to mild severity.