Etiopathogenesis of Tampal Perforations. Methods of Restorative Treatment

Abstract

The eardrum is an elastic partition between the outer and middle ear that participates in the perception and conduction of sound waves and provides protection of the middle ear from external influences. The eardrum disintegration is called perforation. The main causes of tympanic perforations are injuries (after acoustic shock, altitude trauma, foreign body ingress, careless conduct of some medical manipulations) and inflammations occurring after purulent otitis media or, less often, acute catarrhal otitis. Clinically, tympanic perforation is manifested by hearing loss, ear congestion, tinnitus. In case of an injury, blood or liquorrhea (if the skull base is fractured) may be discharged from the ear. In the case of inflammatory perforation accompanied by purulent otitis, otorrhea may occur, and the pain syndrome severity is reduced. In about 70% of cases, the eardrum defect heals by itself; but in some cases, surgery is required with reconstructive repair (tympanoplasty).