ETIOPATHOGENESIS AND DIAGNOSTICS OF THE MANDIBULAR PERMANENT FIRST MOLARS RETENTION

A.Y Karasiunok,H.V Voronkova,L.V Smagliuk

doi:10.31718/mep.2019.23.3-4.10

A.Y Karasiunok, H.V Voronkova + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.31718/mep.2019.23.3-4.10

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Abstract

The eruption of the first permanent molars is very important as it provides the harmony of the growth of the face and sufficient occlusion support. A delay in the eruption of this tooth can cause morphological, functional and aesthetic disturbances. These include reduced vertical size of the lower face, extruding the antagonist teeth, malloclusion formation, follicular cyst formation, pericoronal inflammation, and roots resorbtion of the adjacent teeth, as well as functional problems of dentoalveolar area, etc. In this regard, the issue of etiology, pathogenesis, early diagnostics and further treatment of lower first permanent molars retention is very relevant for modern orthodontics. In the literary review, morphological and radiological diagnostic criteria of eruption of first permanent lower molars have been presented. Materials and methods of the research. The article reviews and analyzes literature on the etiology, pathogenesis, early diagnostics of retention of the lower first permanent molars. Results The analysis of the literature pointed to a small number of studies regarding the disrupted eruption of first lower permanent molars. In most cases, they are presented as clinical cases. According to the world literature, the prevalence of delayed eruption of the first molar of the mandible was 0.01% to 0.04%. Data from the world literature indicate that the retention of the lower first molar is a polyfactoral disease. According to the etiological factors authors distinguish general and local. Local factors causing delay in teeth eruption include impaired pathway for teeth eruption, abnormality of the tooth form, hyperplasia, displacement of the rudiment because of the cyst and the tumour, loss of space for eruption, gingival fibrosis, idiopathic conditions. Systemic factors include endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, rickets, craniofacial hypertrophy. In the literary review morphological and radiological diagnostic criteria of eruption disturbance of the first permanent lower molars are presented. Thus, the Korean scientists proposed to determine the depth of the retention, the angle of inclination and the space for their eruption on panoramic radiographs. The review presents the classification of retention types for the first permanent molars of the mandible.

Highlights

According to the data of modern literature, in many countries of the world there is an increase in the frequency of dentofacial anomalies, including dental retention [1, 2, 3]
Issues of etiology, pathogenesis, early diagnosis and further treatment of retention of the lower first permanent molars are very relevant for a modern orthodontist
Keywords used in the search were “dental retention”, “disturbances in the eruption of the lower first molar”, “delayed teeth eruption”, “diagnostics of first lower molars eruption violations”

Summary

Results

Teeth eruption is a physiological process that greatly affects the normal development of the craniofacial complex [12, 13]. Korean scientists [35], who thoroughly investigated clinical cases with a delayed eruption of the lower first molars, found that the average age at the time of diagnosis was 9.2 years, which was much later than the normal period of eruption. This indicates that the delay in the eruption of the first lower molar is poorly diagnosed both by patients and doctors. Most of these unsuccessful cases did not have any visible physical barrier that could cause tooth retention and the lack of space In these cases, an additional equipment-based method of treatment was applied, but this approach had no result.

Introduction

Materials and methods

Conclusion