Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis and their antimicrobial resistance in the western part of Romania. Clinical mastitis was diagnosed based on local inflammation in the udder, changes in milk, and when present, generalized symptoms. Subclinical mastitis was assessed using a rapid test—the California Mastitis Test. The identification of bacterial strains was performed based on biochemical profiles using API system tests (API 20 E, API Staph, API 20 Strep, API Coryne, API 20 NE (bioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France), and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). The prevalent isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (50/116; 43.19%), followed by Streptococcus spp. (26/116; 22.41%), E. coli (16/116; 13.79%), Corynebacterium spp. (9/116; 7.75%), Enterococcus spp. (10/116; 8.62%), and Enterobacter spp. (5/116; 4.31%). Phenotype antimicrobial resistance profiling was performed used the disc diffusion method. Generally, Gram-positive bacteria showed low susceptibility to most of the antimicrobials tested, except cephalothin. Susceptibilities to penicillins and quinolones were fairly high in Gram-negative bacteria, whereas resistance was observed to macrolides, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. The highest number of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), the resistance pathotypes identified including the most frequently antimicrobials used in cow mastitis treatment in Romania.
Highlights
Bovine mastitis is the foremost endemic infectious disease of dairy cattle worldwide, as well as in our country
Cattle with clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis were observed at all of the farms included in this study; samples from Subclinical mastitis (SCM) cases represented 90% of the total number of samples that were collected
Clinical mastitis (CM) cases were obviously lower in all studied farms
Summary
Bovine mastitis is the foremost endemic infectious disease of dairy cattle worldwide, as well as in our country. The inflammation of the mammary gland, usually a consequence of the adhesion, invasion, and colonization of the mammary gland by mastitis pathogens, exists in three forms: clinical, subclinical, and chronic mastitis [6,7]. Among these forms, subclinical mastitis is more common and results in reduced milk production without observable clinical signs or milk abnormalities [8,9]. For this reason, it is difficult to diagnose and persists longer in the herd [10]. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is the main form of this disease in dairy herds worldwide [11,12,13], and results in increased numbers of somatic cells in the produced milk and changes in its physical and chemical qualities [14]
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