Etiology, Clinical Features and Outcomes of Treatment of Hyponatremia - A Prospective Study

Abstract

Hyponatremia is a common problem encountered in patients presenting with non- specific symptoms. Symptomatology depends more on the rate of development of the electrolyte abnormality than on its severity. Data regarding the incidence of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients in our country is limited. This prospective, descriptive study was conducted at Ramkrishna care hospital Raipur from September 2016- November 2017.100 cases were taken by random sampling method to know the common clinical features etiology and treatment outcome of hospitalized patients and study the morbidity and mortality in such patients. hyponatremia presented with various clinical symptoms out of which nausea was most common followed by vomiting ,altered sensorium and seizure. Physician need to be aware about the common occurrence of hyponatremia and early identification to prevent serious complication like seizures. Over all most common cause of hyponatremia in all 3 group was diuretics and salt restriction(53%). most of hyponatremic patients were hypertensive and number of cases increased from mild to severe hyponatremia secondary to diuretic and salt restriction it was statistically highly significant i.e 54% (p<0.0001). Keywords: Hyponatremia-serum sodium < 135 meq/L.